The Story of Little Black Sambo (1899) by Helen Bannerman, illustrated by Eulalie, is a controversial children’s book with a complex legacy. The original tale—set in India—follows a clever boy who outwits tigers, reclaiming his clothes and butter (which becomes pancakes). While Bannerman’s intent was likely benign, the book’s title and early illustrations (exaggerated racial caricatures) led to its association with racist stereotypes.
Later editions, like the 1942 Eulalie-illustrated version, softened features, but debates persist. Modern adaptations (Sam and the Tigers by Julius Lester, 1996) reclaim the story’s charm while addressing its problematic past.
A case study in how literature evolves with cultural awareness.
