L. Frank Baum Biography

L. Frank Baum – American author, 1856-1919.

Baum, L. Frank – American author, 1856-1919. With more than one hundred and fifty books, plays, songs, poems, and es­says to his credit—many written under pseudonyms— Lyman Frank Baum is best known as the creator of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900), which has been called “America’s first fairy tale.”

His place in the history of children’s books is firm; in the realm of children’s litera­ture it is less so. Whatever strengths the best of his work for children possesses, whatever flashes of humor and storytelling genius shine through, however popular his books may have been, his prose style remains ordinary. It is not his words but the land of Oz and its characters that endure in the affectionate memories of long-ago readers and that are immortalized in the classic 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, an ironic yet fitting tribute to Baum’s own theatrical vision.

Frank Baum was a man of many talents and accomplish­ments whose direction in life took many turns before ending in the world of books. Born and raised in upstate New York, he lived briefly in South Dakota and for many years in Chicago and finally in Hollywood. In his lifetime he was a journalist, poet, playwright, actor, composer, salesman, business manager, theater manag­er, filmmaker, showman, master storyteller, prodigious author, and happy family man who has been compared to P. T. Barnum, Walt Disney, and his own creation, the Wizard of Oz.

It was to amuse his children that he elaborated on familiar Mother Goose rhymes, resulting in Mother Goose in Prose (1897), illustrated by Maxfield Par­rish and the first book for both men. Father Goose, His Book followed in 1899 to become the best-selling book of the year. Baum’s friend W. W Denslow did the col­ored illustrations that appeared on every page—an innovation in children’s books of the time, author and artist sharing the high cost of reproduction.

Baum much admired the work of the cartoonists of his day, wanting the pictures for his books to be colorfill and humorous. Denslow also illustrated The Wonderful Wiz­ard of Oz, which tells of practical, honest, kind-hearted Dorothy Gale (her name itself typical of Baum’s pen­chant for punning), who is swept away by a cyclone from her beloved Kansas home into the magical land of Oz and who journeys to the Emerald City to seek the wizard’s help in getting home again.

In a land filled with magic, talking animals, witches good and bad, winged monkeys, and friendly characters such as the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, and the Cowardly Lion, Oz the Great and Terrible turns out to be merely a humbug wizard whose “magic” is based on technology and psy­chology. In the end, magical silver shoes take Dorothy and her dog, Toto, back home to Aunt Em and Uncle Henry, while a real gas-filled balloon carries the wizard off to his native Omaha and Dorothy’s friends remain behind, happy to believe that through the wizard’s mag­ic they now possess the things they thought they had lacked: a brain, a heart, and courage. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is not a literary masterpiece, but it is a highly original, imaginative, and enduring story for children, laced with humor and excitement.

Baum’s approach to writing was strongly visual, and after the publication of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, his theatrical bent took over. His musical extravaganza of 1902, The Wizard of Oz, was a great success, but it was written and staged for adults. The writing of the thir­teen Oz sequels (all illustrated by John R. Neill) was influenced by Baum’s simultaneous absorption with the stage and the new technology of film.

It was through his investment in film that he lost the modest fortune he had earned with his early books, forcing him to concen­trate on turning out series books for children. Writ­ten under various pseudonyms, these included The Boy Fortune Hunters in Alaska (1908) by “Floyd Akers,” Flying Girl (1911) and Mary Louise (1916) by “Edith Van Dyne,” and Sam Steele’s Adventures on Land and Sea (1906) by “Capt. Hugh Fitzgerald.”

The best books in the “Oz” series—after the first- are considered to be The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904), Ozma of Oz (1907), and the last one, Glinda of Oz (1920), which some regard, along with his 1901 story for boys, The Master Key: An Electrical Tale, as early science fiction. His wildly popular series of ten adventure stories for girls (1906-1915), which began with Aunt Fane’s Nieces, was written under the pseudonym Edith Van Dyne and, like the “Oz” books, was continued by others after his death.

Baum set out to do two things in his writing for chil­dren: to entertain them and to write “modern” fairy tales, merging magic with technology in a world with­out violence or any emphasis on romantic love—a world solidly based on American idealism, virtues, and homely realism. In this he succeeded.

§ S.L.R.

Source: Children’s Books and their Creators, Anita Silvey.

L. Frank Baum Bibliography

Oz Books Collecting Guide

If you are interested in collecting vintage and first edition Oz Books. I’ve compiled a series of guides on collecting and identifying First Edition books.

The Wizard of Oz Books Collecting Guide.